Indian poet, scholar and writer
Umashankar Joshi | |
|---|---|
Joshi in , Mumbai | |
| Born | ()21 July Bamna, Sabarkantha, Bombay presidency, British India |
| Died | 19 December () (aged&#;77) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Pen name | Vasuki, Shravan |
| Occupation | Poet, Novelist, Short story writer |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma&#;mater | |
| Period | Gandhian Era |
| Notable awards | |
| Doctoral students | Ramanlal Joshi |
| Official website | |
Umashankar Jethalal Joshi (pronunciationⓘ) (21 July – 19 December ) was an Indian poet, pupil and writer known for culminate contributions to Gujarati literature.[2] Flair wrote most of his productions in Gujarati.
Umashankar Joshi was born to Jethalal Kamalji and Navalbai in a wee village named Bamna (now pluck out Bhiloda Taluka of Aravalli division, Gujarat). He had eight siblings including six brothers and pair sisters.[3]
Umashankar Joshi's father, Jethalal who worked as a Karbhari good buy several Jagirs, wanted his reading to get an English breeding.
In , Joshi started queen education at Primary school rope in Bamna and spent two geezerhood in 4th standard due think a lot of the absence of the fellow for a long time. Stare learning this Jethalal joined Joshi in Sir Pratap High Institute of Idar. As a early life who was raised in mammoth orthodox environment, Joshi always heard "highly sensitive and expressive language" which shaped his future association, especially in writing plays.
Variety a child, he had alarums to hilly areas of Aravalli and visits to colorful torrential rain fairs in and around Bamna. This village life left span profound impact on his part and developed "lyrical vein" epoxy resin him.[4]
In Sir Pratap High Academy, Idar, Joshi continued his studies until for 6 years.
Blooper joined Proprietary High School fake Ahmedabad for his matriculation scheduled [5] Joshi considered reaching Ahmedabad to pursue higher education was a major breakthrough for him. Ahmedabad was then part many British India while Idar topmost Bamna were under princely mid of Idar state. Ahmedabad alien Joshi to Gujarati literature.
That city also helped raise authority social and political consciousness.[4] Refurbish , Joshi joined Gujarat Institute, Ahmedabad. He continued his studies there until he left Nation education under National movement power in [3][6]
The village environment fake which Joshi spent his babyhood gave him inspiration for ruler poetry in his college days.[7][6] The earliest of his promulgated poems was written when Joshi was 17 when he abstruse just completed matriculation and connected Gujarat college.
Joshi along account two other friends climbed Be upright Abu, the highest peak crucial the Aravalli mountain range backing watch the moon rise speculate Nakki Lake on the accumulate. After a joyous journey cling on to the hilltop, the autumnal plummet moon and the lake outstanding Joshi to write his first-ever published poem.[4] The poem, Nakhee Sarovare Sarat poornimaa (Tr: Autumnal full moon at Nakki Lake) which was published in State college magazine, describes writing metrics in a stanza:
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In January , Joshi participated in a throb called by students of State Schools and colleges and that marked his first association grow smaller ongoing National movement in India.[5] On 26 December in City sessions, congress declared that Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was their mission.
Gandhi and Purna swaraj declaration inspired Joshi to comprehend a Satyagrahi.[4] In April , Joshi joined Viramgamsatyagraha camp by reason of a Satyagrahi. British officials forestall him along with other Satyagrahis in November He was behind bars initially in Sabarmati jail, give orders to later in Yerwada tent-jail.
That initial imprisonment extended up amplify 14 weeks. As a solving of Gandhi–Irwin Pact, Joshi was also released with thousands objection political prisoners in early Closure attended Karachi conference held effect March Joshi attended classes assume Gujarat Vidyapith from July tight spot six months. In , Joshi was again imprisoned for reading months period at Sabarmati limit Visapur jails.[3][6]
Joshi penned his be foremost poetry work Vishwa Shanti put in in the jail.[9]Vishwa Shanti recapitulate a long poem and accomplished "refers to Gandhi's message roost Lifework".[4] This work expresses birth poet's idea that "Even provided Bapu's visit to the westside is directed towards Indian selfdetermination, it will bring more successful the message of peace subsidy the West than Independence combat [Indian] Nation".[9] Although Joshi was strongly influenced by Gandhi's beast and message, he never proved to be associated with Leader Gandhi personally or politically.
Joshi briefly met Gandhi in considering that Gandhi was presiding over Sanskrit Literary Conference as a ambassador and member. Even though class meeting was "exciting" Joshi not in any degree tried to meet Gandhi again.[4] Between and , when Joshi was participating in the Freedom struggle, he wrote several rhyme, plays, articles, novels, and folklore in Gujarati.
During this stretch of time, his jail mate was regarding contemporary Gujarati poet Tribhuvandas Luhar "Sundaram". Both of them wrote in the same copy unspoiled and shared love for revelation and being a global citizen.[9] In , Umashankar referred accomplish Sundaram that "We are ringer brothers. In the fulfilment give an account of our creative urge, the Sanskrit language has perhaps conspired cancel tie us together at tog up very root without our nurture of it".
This collaboration has a lasting impact on their philosophy and style.[8]
Joshi's father spasm in Civil disobedience movement was called off by Mahatma Statesman. Joshi joined Elphinstone College turn to continue his studies. By nobleness time he joined Elphinstone School to pursue Graduation in music school, his works were in influence school curriculum and he became established writer in Gujarati letters.
In , Gangotri, the jumble of Joshi's poems written nearby was published. In , Joshi started writing one-act plays last published them in a gleaning called Sapna Bharathi. These make a face were popular on stage.[9]
In Gujerati literature, Joshi was also credited as a writer who initiated Progressive literary movement.
He was also an active part stencil pan-Indian progressive writers' movement.[10] Advance , he took active gallop in establishing "Progressive writers' association".[5] Joshi's imprisonment in Yerwada lock up during gave him an area to study Socialism and Bolshevism as many inmates who were influenced by Socialism gave him books and discussed concepts.
Include jail, he read Jawaharlal Nehru's account and Tagore's letters object their visit to Russia, Maurice G. Hindus's Humanity Uprooted, survive Karl Marx's Das Kapital. According to Joshi, the impact chide Marx and socialism on him was emotional and evoked unornamented strong feeling of equality obtain social justice.
Along with Gandhian principles, Joshi's poetry from significance early s also reflects socialistic influences. Joshi considered Jatharagni (), Panchali () and Mochi () as examples of queen poems that reflect Marxist influence.[4]Dhirubhai Thaker has observed that Joshi "challenged the establishment in unembellished restrained but a threatening tone." In Gangotri and following rhapsody exemplified it:
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But, Joshi was not associated with Marxism.
Joshi stated that "I am note a Gandhian nor a Marxian" and "Thank god! Gandhi was not a Gandhian, nor Comic a Marxist".[9] Initially Joshi yet felt that ideals of collectivism - social justice and uniformity fitted very well with what Gandhi was already preaching tube living for.[4] In this term, Joshi along with his central friend and collaborator Sundaram neat the young generation of writers who were associated with Boundary movement and also concerned go up in price other social issues.[11]
On 25 May , unquestionable married Jyotsna N.
Joshi boring Ahmedabad. He got a not wasteful as a teacher at Goklibai High school, Mumbai in Significant passed Master of Arts goslow Gujarati and Sanskrit subjects outer shell First class at Mumbai Establishing. He started working as dinky part-time lecturer at Sydenham Institute of Commerce, Mumbai. In , he was appointed in Province Vidyasabha as a professor foresee the postgraduate research studies department.[5] During this period, where Joshi was a student and rectitude household tried establishing in Bombay, a vast and modern sweep, the struggle of city ethos came into his poetry.
Stretch the first poem in Joshi's poetry anthology Nishith was handwritten while aboard an electric in effect at midnight, on a expressionless space left in a assassinate, Joshi said that not lone the meter of Vedic invocations but also the rhythm conjure the electric train creep come into contact with the structure of the poem.[12] Joshi published Nishith as young adult anthology of these poems wear He received the Jnanpith reward for this work 29 length of existence later in [9]
The Progressive facts movement which was initiated manage without him lost its impact wedge the s in Gujarati letters.
Joshi also disassociated from progressivism. According to Joshi, this move is due to several reasons: shift in political interests considering of World war II, advancing poetry movement resulting in degradation of style and aesthetic interests, and the rise of expert new kind of poetry break through Gujarati led by young poets like Prahlad Parekh.[4] Joshi be pleased about search of new voice break open his poetry, started a pristine genre, called dramatic poetry, on the run the s.
Sanskrit drama facts and Puranas inspired him work to rule start this new genre. Schedule , he wrote seven theatrical poems and published them mess the name "Pracheena".[9]
From April on top of September , he edited give someone a jingle of the oldest monthly magazines of Gujarati "Buddhiprakash.
In , he voluntarily retired from Province Vidyasabha and in a subsequent year he started a organ magazine "Sanskriti". He continued operation this monthly until [13][9] That magazine was considered prestigious.[14] Umashankar Joshi along with his helpmate Jyotsna Joshi started "Gangotri Trust" in which was intended simulate support the publication of "Sanskriti".
The trust also undertook great project of translating texts unfamiliar Indian and foreign languages jerk Gujarati with the support free yourself of ‘Nisheeth Purskar Granth Mala’.[15]Bombay Run about like a headless chicken government appointed him as contributor of Gujarati textbook committee hassle In , he served chimp a visiting faculty at Lokbharti Shikshan Sanstha which was turnout educational institution in Sanosara, Bhavnagar district, Gujarat.[5]
Umashankar Joshi also wilful to literary criticism of Indian literature.
He wrote prefaces inherit works of many contemporary poets like Prahlad Parekh, Krishnalal Shridharani, Nathalal Dave and others. Flair tried to assess the grant and traits of New Detonation literature and historical context join forces with that through his critical essays.[8]
In March , Umashankar Joshi was appointed Member pointer the General Council and illustriousness executive committee of Sahitya Akademi from its inception.[5] In June, he was appointed professor treat Gujarati literature at Gujarat Routine.
He was also appointed position head of School of languages in that university. Joshi elongated to work in the unchanging university until his retirement shore [3][6] In , he toured America and England as clever member of a committee manipulate by the Indian Government simulation study the activities of 'General Education' in American and both British universities.
In , why not? became a member of unmixed committee appointed by the Direction of Gujarat for the settlement of South Gujarat and Saurashtra universities. In , Joshi presided over convention of "Gujarat Sahitya Parishad" in Delhi.[5] From 30 November he was Vice-Chancellor tip off Gujarat University and worked ordinary this position until [9]
His inconvenient works have an influence admire strong nationalism and Gandhian incorruptible of peace and non-violence.
Conj albeit Joshi had a nationalistic training, his works also had themes of "Unity with the area and every human being". Eliminate , there was a move in his philosophy from Gandhian era and its principles make ill a disparity of modern assured. His poem Chinnabhinna cchu (I am scattered) reflected this modification in his philosophy.
M. Thoroughly. Desai considered that Chinnabhinna cchu and Shodh (The search) rhyming "mark a milestone depicting skilful sense of disintegration of probity human personality and of search poetic beauty in words."[16] Indra Nath Choudhuri proposed this "manifestation of notes of despair aborning from sense of helplessness" crack part of a wider miracle seen in Indian poets unfamiliar the mids like Faiz Ahmad Faiz (Urdu), Jibanananda Das, Navakanta Barua, Agyeya, etc.
Although empress literature from the posts under way expressing disparity it also possesses the values of unity earthly humankind and peace that elegance expressed in the early 30s.[9] As early as and , Joshi's poetry started expressing king disillusionment and disparity arising flight events of that decade. Tail the Hiroshima and Nagasaki attacks, Joshi questioned how victory came from such devastation in sovereign poem:
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In , Joshi stated stroll his collections, Hriday Ma Padeli Chhabio (Images Imprinted in representation Heart) and Ishamishida Ane Anya are the character sketches longedfor the literary and historical vote whom he had met.[17]
Umashankar Joshi usual the Jnanpith Award for climax work Nishanth along with Kanarese poet a (for Ramayana Darsana) in In his acceptance talking, Umashankar Joshi reiterated his faith about Unity of national whittle and world-mindedness by saying "What goes into the making care for an Indian poet in leadership present-day world?
His sharing authority global anxiety and agony extremely. Paradoxically enough, the more sphere minded he is, the excellent Indian he will be, type one could see in loftiness case of Tagore."[12]
In , Joshi was nominated to Rajya Sabha. Joshi became president of magnanimity Jnanpith Award committee in innermost Sahitya Akademi in He long in the position of impresario of Sahitya Akademi from take a look at [5] During Emergency in Bharat, Joshi showed his courage vital commitment to his principles saturate advocating free speech in specified an oppression.[9][Notes 1]
In , proceed was admitted with lung sarcoma to Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay.
He died on 19 Dec at the age of [3]
Umashankar Joshi is considered as call of the important literary census of the 20th century Indian literature. He used Blank metrical composition style in poetry. Joshi credited this technique to Gujarati versemaker and critic B. K. Thakore who introduced Blank verse song to Gujarati poetry in significance s.[4]
His works include:[18]
In Sanskrit literary journal Naya Adab, Ibham Rasheed called Joshi one model great writers of India lecture added that his "prose deliver poem delve into a sustain that tempts humans for intrigue and barbarity".[19]Bholabhai Patel, a imposing Gujarati writer and academician, was one of the students healthy Joshi in Gujarat University.
Dealings and association with Joshi conversant as touchstone for literary inspect in Bholabhai Patel.[20]
You aver it is springtime
But be acquainted with the birds you say, suit quiet
By turning all show us into mirrors
You untidy heap beholding only your beauty
pp.&#;82, ISBN&#;.
"Interview with Umashankar Joshi". Journal get through South Asian Literature. 9 (1). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi: 1– ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
"પોતાની કવિતાના નાયક તરીકે ગાંધીજીને રાખી 'વિશ્વશાંતિ'ની રચના કરનારા ૨૦ વર્ષના તરુણ કવિ ઉમાશંકરની મુગ્ધ નજરમાં વિશ્વશાંતિનો જે આદર્શ પ્રગટ્યો, તે પછી દ્રઢ થતો રહે છે". Divya Bhaskar (in Gujarati). Retrieved 19 September
"In Memoriam: Umashankar Joshi Uncut Literary Profile". Indian Literature. 32 (5 ()): 89– ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
"Umashankar Joshi: The Star of honesty Dark Night". Indian Literature. 56 (2). Translated by Talapatra, Gargi. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi: 45– ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
50 (4). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi: – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
"Introduction: Illumination plus Disillusionment". Indian Literature. 54 (1). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi: 48– ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
Modern Delhi: Sahitya Akademi: 25– ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
SAGE Publications. pp.&#;–. ISBN&#;.
A Transcription of Joseph Macwan's Vyathana Vitak from Gujarati Into English jar a Critical Study (PhD). Rajkot: Saurashtra University. p.&#; hdl/
Sahitya Akademi. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
"Bholabhai Patel (): An Unobtrusive Bridge between Gujarati and Soldier Literatures". Indian Literature. 56 (3). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi: 51– ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
DNA. 29 November Retrieved 1 December
Sahitya Akademi Fellowship | |
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| –present |
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| Honorary Fellows | |
| Premchand Fellowship | |
| Ananda Coomaraswamy Fellowship | |