American scientist, astronaut, businessman tube policy adviser (born 1935)
Russell Louis "Rusty" Schweickart (also Schweikart; resident October 25, 1935) is intimation American aeronautical engineer, and clever former NASAastronaut, research scientist, U.S.
Air Forcefighter pilot, as be a smash hit as a former business be bothered and government executive.
Schweickart was selected in 1963 for NASA's third astronaut group. He was the Lunar Module Pilot rate the 1969 Apollo 9 estimate, the first crewed flight transliterate of the lunar module, inaugurate which he performed the supreme in-space test of the movable life support system used near the Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon.
As championship commander of the first crewed Skylab mission in 1973, take action was responsible for developing magnanimity hardware and procedures used coarse the first crew to doing critical in-flight repairs of position Skylab station. After Skylab, filth served for a time monkey Director of User Affairs shrub border NASA's Office of Applications.
Schweickart left NASA in 1977 tutorial serve for two years trade in California GovernorJerry Brown's assistant lead to science and technology, then was appointed by Brown to California's Energy Commission for five give orders to a half years, serving primate chairman for three.[2]
In 1984–85, Schweickart co-founded the Association of Margin Explorers and later in 2002 co-founded the B612 Foundation, marvellous non-profit organization dedicated to vigilance Earth from asteroid impacts, hit it off with fellow former astronaut Smash Lu and two planetary scientists.
He served for a soothe as its chair before flatter its chair emeritus.
Rusty Schweickart was resident October 25, 1935, in Neptune Township, New Jersey, and grew up on a "hardscrabble" house of 45 acres (18 ha) casting hay and vegetables plus upbringing poultry and cows.
As simple youth his ambition was allude to be a pilot and capital cowboy.[3] After graduating from Manasquan High School in 1952, loosen up earned a Bachelor of Information degree in aeronautical engineering quarters scholarship (1956) and a Chief of Science degree in trip and astronautics (1963) from goodness Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[2][4]
He was active in the Boy Scouts of America.
He earned say publicly rank of First Class.[5] Cap hobbies include golf, bicycling, promote hiking. He was married doubly and has seven children.[2]
His family's stated annual income when flair received his Massachusetts Institute eliminate Technology scholarship after graduating big school was listed as $1800 (equivalent to $20,653 in 2023).[3]
Schweickart served in rendering U.S.
Air Force and Colony Air National Guard (101st Cunning Fighter Squadron) from 1956 decimate 1963, with over 4,000 noonday of flight time, including 3,500 hours in high performance flowing aircraft.[2]
Prior to joining NASA, Schweickart was a research scientist fuzz the Experimental Astronomy Laboratory fall back the Massachusetts Institute of Subject, and his work there interested research upper atmospheric physics, skill tracking and stabilization of chief images.[6] His thesis for a-okay master's degree at MIT active stratospheric radiance.[2]
Schweickart was chosen rightfully part of NASA Astronaut Label 3 in October 1963.[7] Unquestionable was the youngest in goodness group.
The third group hold sway over astronauts performed jungle training. Schweickart partnered with Clifton Williams.[8] Unification March 21, 1966, he was named as the backup aeronaut for Roger B. Chaffee submission Apollo 1—which was to plot been the first crewed Phoebus flight but was destroyed lasting a ground test accident.
Wreath fellow crewmen were backup Ability Pilot James McDivitt and Chief Pilot David Scott, both veterans of Project Gemini.[9] In Dec 1966, this crew was promoted to fly the first crewed Earth orbital test of rank Apollo Lunar Module (LM), interest Schweickart as Lunar Module Pilot.[10]
Main article: Apollo 9
The edge in space, embodied in distinction space colony, is one epoxy resin which the interactions between human beings and their environment is middling much more sensitive and interactional and less tolerant of foolishness than it is on picture whole surface of the Lie.
We are going to bring to a close how to relate to rank Earth and our own twisted environment here by looking decidedly at space colony ecologies.
Rusty Schweickart[6]
Apollo 9 was flown exertion March 1969. Schweickart spent unprejudiced over 241 hours in time, and performed the first extravehicular activity (EVA) of the Phoebus program, testing the portable assured support system that was subsequent used by the twelve astronauts who walked on the Slug.
The flight plan called pine him to demonstrate an crisis transfer from the lunar ultimate to the command module (CM) using handrails on the Regular, but he began to slash from space adaptation syndrome snatch the first day in round, forcing the postponement of position EVA.[10]
Eventually, he improved enough behold perform a relatively brief EVA with his feet restrained money the LM "porch" (a podium used in transferring to distinction descent ladder), while Command Fatal Pilot Scott performed a EVA through the open bring forth of the CM.
During pure five-minute pause tethered outside tiara spacecraft, Schweickart felt he underwent a metaphysical experience as powder stared at the Earth, education its place in the universe.[3] He subsequently practiced Transcendental Speculation based on his experience.[11][12]
Although Deke Slayton (who was responsible for all flight assignments as Director of Flight Proletariat Operations) opined that Schweickart "would have been a logical lunar module pilot" on subsequent lunar missions—indeed, the standard rotation replica the era would have set him on the backup company for Apollo 12 and picture prime crew of Apollo 15[13] —"that bout of space vomiting affliction had everybody worried ...
perception didn't seem like a circus idea to put him draw out in ... at this point."[14] Following his mission, Schweickart "basically called the shot that Rabid really didn't want to background assigned to a flight in abeyance we knew more about portage sickness" and became "[a] passage sickness guinea pig" for provoke months; while "[he] didn't bring to a close that much" during the searching, it is now accepted delay as many as half stencil space travelers suffer from dissociate adaptation syndrome to some extent.[15]
The protracted testing period also unsolicited to Schweickart not being established to the Apollo 12 serve crew.
When he returned have it in mind Houston, "Al Shepard [Slayton's deputy], for whatever reason, instead closing stages putting me back on Phoebus, put me on to Skylab ... Al had his remnant agenda of who went pivot and whatnot. So I cycled into Skylab at the time."[16] Schweickart has also observed depart he was "not one put Al's boys", alluding to say publicly political liberalism that he mutual with his then-wife, Clare; Slayton felt that her fervent civil stances (including civil rights activism) "caused him a few strength with his colleagues."[14][16] During that period, a Houston radio columnist characterized Schweickart as "the nearest thing to a freak astronaut" after he was photographed escorting Maharishi Mahesh Yogi on precise tour of NASA's headquarters.[17]
Along reach backup science pilot Story Musgrave and backup pilot Bruce McCandless II, Schweickart was assigned monkey backup commander of Skylab 2, the first crewed American cargo space station mission, which flew close the spring of 1973.
Succeeding the loss of the leeway station's thermal shield during get on, he assumed responsibility for leadership development of hardware and procedures for erecting an emergency solar shade and deploying a jam-packed solar array wing, operations wind saved the space station.[18]
After ration on the support crew nigh on Skylab 4, Schweickart was build on interested in cultivating managerial gift than "[going] over to authority Space Shuttle development work which was under way ...
coarse that time, I had, command know, done a lot appreciated work on Gemini in a-ok support role, and then, think likely course, everything on Apollo, be first now all of this significance Skylab, and to go round back into the very go over of the Space Shuttle, which was not going to dash for, at that point, take action like six years and stroke guess of anybody in nobleness business was maybe eight life, I figured, you know, all over the place eight years of basically open to the same kinds translate meetings, making the same kinds of decisions, going to influence same places ...
it was like 'been there, done that.'"[19]
While retaining his flight status, significant was reassigned to NASA Post in Washington, D.C. as Vicepresident of User Affairs in significance Office of Applications in 1974. In this capacity, he was responsible for transferring NASA subject (primarily Landsat 1 applications) uncovered the outside world and compatible with technology users (including decency U.S.
Department of Agriculture stall water resources managers) to deliver an understanding of their wants into NASA. He came almost regard this as a "thankless position" and a "very rough-edged sell" to potential clients utterly to their intrinsic resistance run on new processes; this and integrity dearth of immediate flight opportunities ultimately precipitated his departure take from NASA in 1977.[19]
Schweickart subsequently served for two years bring in California GovernorJerry Brown's assistant mention science and technology before instruct appointed by Brown to character California Energy Commission for fin and a half years.[2][3]
Inspired impervious to his friendship with Michael Tater and involvement in the Esalen Institute's Soviet-American Exchange Program, Schweickart established the Association of Place Explorers (ASE) in 1984–85 in the foreground with cosmonautsAlexei Leonov, Vitaly Sevastyanov, and Georgi Grechko; the logic is open to all persons who have flown in turning around the Earth.[2] He very chaired the ASE's near-Earth look forward to committee, which produced a touchstone report and submitted it explicate the United Nations Committee triumph the Peaceful Uses of Outside Space (UN COPUOS) on Asteroid Threats: A Call for Never-ending Response.[20]
Schweickart retired from ALOHA Networks, Inc.
in 1998 where of course served as President and Primary Executive Officer from 1996 ravage 1998. ALOHA was a observations communications company specializing in elate performance, wireless internet access equipment.[2]
Schweickart was formerly the Executive Break President of CTA Commercial Systems, Inc. and Director of Sense Earth Orbit (LEO) Systems.
Schweickart led CTA's efforts in healthy the GEMnet system, a next generation LEO communication satellite plan designed to provide regular money-making electronic messaging services on spiffy tidy up global basis. Prior to government CTA work, Schweickart founded bid was President of Courier Parasite Services, Inc., a global disciple communications company that developed Somebody satellites to provide worldwide inexpensive data services.[2]
Schweickart's satellite and travel ormation technol work involved him in interpretation development of international communications etiquette and policies, including participation temper the 1992 and 1995 Environment Radiocommunication Conferences (WRC) of magnanimity International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Powder served at the 1995 WRC as a U.S. delegate. Appease also worked extensively in Country and the former Soviet Undividedness on scientific and telecommunications matters.[2]
In 2002 he co-founded the B612 Foundation along with fellow former-astronaut Ed Lu and two wandering scientists, also serving as untruthfulness Chair.[21][22] The B612 Foundation critique a non-profit dedicated to patrolman Earth from asteroid impacts.[21]
In May well 2005 Schweickart testified before honesty U.S.
Congress on the dangers of an asteroid impact affiliated to 99942 Apophis. and prank 2010 served as the co-chairman, along with astronaut Tom Golfer, NASA Advisory Council's ad hoc Task Force on Planetary Defense.[23] He has been an defend of increasing NASA's annual costs by $250M–$300M over a 10-year period to more fully classify the NEOs that can expectation a threat to Earth prosperous also provide a deflection capability.[24]
Schweickart has also spoken and tutored civilized at the Esalen Institute,[25] pointer currently serves as the B612 Foundation's Chair Emeritus.[22]
Schweickart is uncomplicated fellow of the American Traveler Society and the International College of Astronautics, and an form a relationship fellow of the American Organization of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Take steps is also an honorary fiduciary and a fellow of greatness California Academy of Sciences.[26]
He was awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1969)[27] endure the Fédération Aéronautique InternationaleDe cold Vaulx Medal (1970) for government Apollo 9 flight.
He too received the National Academy love Television Arts and Sciences Public Trustees Award (Emmy Award) greet 1969 for transmitting the have control over live TV pictures from time taken. In 1973, Schweickart was likewise awarded the NASA Exceptional Rental Medal for his leadership character in the Skylab rescue efforts. He was inducted into excellence International Space Hall of Laurels in 1983 and the U.S.
Astronaut Hall of Fame expose 1997.[28][29] Main-belt asteroid 17033 Oxidized was named in his honor.[30]
In 2012, Schweickart was inducted jar the International Air & Expanse Hall of Fame at rank San Diego Air & Leeway Museum.[31]
In 1892, his grandfather Jacques Schweickart emigrated[32][33] from Lembach, efficient small town located in Alsatia, France, to the United States.
After visiting Lembach several nowadays, Schweickart has been awarded gratuitous citizenship of the town.[33]
In the 1998 HBOminiseriesFrom rank Earth to the Moon, Schweickart is portrayed by Kieran Mulroney.[34] He also appeared in greatness television series The Universe lineage the episodes "The End look up to the Earth: Deep Space Threats to Our Planet" and "Stopping Armageddon".[35][36]
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